F white fat and thermogenesis. Nature 481: 463468. doi:10.1038/nature10777. 11. Roca-Rivada A, Castelao C, Senin LL, Landrove MO, Baltar J, et al. FNDC5/Irisin Isn’t Only a Myokine but also an Adipokine. PLoS 1 eight: e60563. doi:ten.1371/journal.pone.0060563. 12. van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Vanhommerig JW, Smulders NM, Drossaerts JMAFL, Kemerink GJ, et al. Cold-Activated Brown Adipose Tissue in Wholesome Males. N Engl J Med 360: 15001508. doi:ten.1056/NEJMoa0808718. 13. Chartoumpekis DV, Habeos IG, Ziros PG, Psyrogiannis AI, Kyriazopoulou VE, et al. Brown adipose tissue responds to cold and adrenergic stimulation by induction of FGF21. Mol Med 17: 736740. doi:10.2119/molmed.2011.00075. 14. Cypess AM, Chen YC, Sze C, Wang K, English J, et al. Cold but not sympathomimetics activates human brown adipose tissue in vivo. Proceedings of 15. the National Academy of Sciences 109: 1000110005. doi:ten.1073/ pnas.1207911109. Miura S, Kawanaka K, Kai Y, Tamura M, Goto M, et al. An increase in Murine Skeletal Muscle Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Coactivator-1alpha mRNA in Response to Workout Is Mediated by BetaAdrenergic Receptor Activation. Endocrinology 148: 34413448. doi:10.1210/ en.2006-1646. Kim KH, Kim SH, Min Y-K, Yang H-M, Lee J-B, et al. Acute Workout Induces FGF21 Expression in Mice and in SC-66 Healthy Humans. PLoS One 8: e63517. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063517. Huh JY, Panagiotou G, Mougios V, Brinkoetter M, Vamvini MT, et al. FNDC5 and irisin in humans: I. Predictors of circulating concentrations in serum and plasma and II. mRNA expression and circulating concentrations in response to weight loss and workout. Metab Clin Exp 61: 17251738. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2012.09.002. Cuevas-Ramos D, Almeda-Valdes P, Meza-Arana CE, Brito-Cordova G, Gomez-Perez FJ, et al. Physical exercise increases serum fibroblast development element 21 levels. PLoS A single 7: e38022. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038022. Peltonen GL, Scalzo RL, Schweder MM, Larson DG, Luckasen GJ, et al. Sympathetic inhibition attenuates hypoxia induced insulin resistance in wholesome adult humans. J Physiol 590: 28012809. doi:10.1113/jphysiol. 2011.227090. Richards JC, Johnson TK, Kuzma JN, Lonac MC, Schweder MM, et al. Short-term sprint interval instruction increases insulin sensitivity in healthful adults but does not affect the thermogenic response to b-adrenergic stimulation. J Physiol 588: 29612972. Newsom SA, Richards JC, Johnson TK, Kuzma JN, Lonac MC, et al. Short-term sympathoadrenal inhibition augments the thermogenic response to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation. J Endocrinol 206: 307315. doi:ten.1677/ JOE-10-0152. Schwartz RS, Jaeger LF, Veith RC The thermic impact of feeding in older men: the significance with the sympathetic nervous technique. Metab Clin Exp 39: 733737. Bell C Pigment Epithelium-Derived Element: A Not So Sympathetic Regulator of Insulin Resistance Physical exercise and Sport Sciences Critiques 39: 187 190. doi:10.1097/JES.0b013e31822673f0. Virtanen KA, Lidell ME, Orava J, Heglind M, Westergren R, et al. Functional Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthy Adults. N Engl J Med 360: 1518 1525. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0808949. Soderlund V, Larsson SA, Jacobsson H Reduction of FDG uptake in brown adipose tissue in clinical patients by a single dose of propranolol. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Mirin chemical information Imaging 34: 10181022. doi:10.1007/s00259-006-0318-9. 16. 15857111 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 6 FGF21 & Irisin: SNS Control & Workout Effect 26. Pilegaard H, Saltin B, Neufer PD Exercise induces transient transcriptional activation o.F white fat and thermogenesis. Nature 481: 463468. doi:ten.1038/nature10777. 11. Roca-Rivada A, Castelao C, Senin LL, Landrove MO, Baltar J, et al. FNDC5/Irisin Is not Only a Myokine but additionally an Adipokine. PLoS 1 eight: e60563. doi:ten.1371/journal.pone.0060563. 12. van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Vanhommerig JW, Smulders NM, Drossaerts JMAFL, Kemerink GJ, et al. Cold-Activated Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthy Males. N Engl J Med 360: 15001508. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0808718. 13. Chartoumpekis DV, Habeos IG, Ziros PG, Psyrogiannis AI, Kyriazopoulou VE, et al. Brown adipose tissue responds to cold and adrenergic stimulation by induction of FGF21. Mol Med 17: 736740. doi:ten.2119/molmed.2011.00075. 14. Cypess AM, Chen YC, Sze C, Wang K, English J, et al. Cold but not sympathomimetics activates human brown adipose tissue in vivo. Proceedings of 15. the National Academy of Sciences 109: 1000110005. doi:ten.1073/ pnas.1207911109. Miura S, Kawanaka K, Kai Y, Tamura M, Goto M, et al. A rise in Murine Skeletal Muscle Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Coactivator-1alpha mRNA in Response to Workout Is Mediated by BetaAdrenergic Receptor Activation. Endocrinology 148: 34413448. doi:10.1210/ en.2006-1646. Kim KH, Kim SH, Min Y-K, Yang H-M, Lee J-B, et al. Acute Physical exercise Induces FGF21 Expression in Mice and in Healthy Humans. PLoS A single eight: e63517. doi:ten.1371/journal.pone.0063517. Huh JY, Panagiotou G, Mougios V, Brinkoetter M, Vamvini MT, et al. FNDC5 and irisin in humans: I. Predictors of circulating concentrations in serum and plasma and II. mRNA expression and circulating concentrations in response to fat loss and workout. Metab Clin Exp 61: 17251738. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2012.09.002. Cuevas-Ramos D, Almeda-Valdes P, Meza-Arana CE, Brito-Cordova G, Gomez-Perez FJ, et al. Exercise increases serum fibroblast growth issue 21 levels. PLoS 1 7: e38022. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038022. Peltonen GL, Scalzo RL, Schweder MM, Larson DG, Luckasen GJ, et al. Sympathetic inhibition attenuates hypoxia induced insulin resistance in wholesome adult humans. J Physiol 590: 28012809. doi:ten.1113/jphysiol. 2011.227090. Richards JC, Johnson TK, Kuzma JN, Lonac MC, Schweder MM, et al. Short-term sprint interval instruction increases insulin sensitivity in wholesome adults but will not impact the thermogenic response to b-adrenergic stimulation. J Physiol 588: 29612972. Newsom SA, Richards JC, Johnson TK, Kuzma JN, Lonac MC, et al. Short-term sympathoadrenal inhibition augments the thermogenic response to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation. J Endocrinol 206: 307315. doi:10.1677/ JOE-10-0152. Schwartz RS, Jaeger LF, Veith RC The thermic impact of feeding in older guys: the significance of your sympathetic nervous program. Metab Clin Exp 39: 733737. Bell C Pigment Epithelium-Derived Element: A Not So Sympathetic Regulator of Insulin Resistance Exercising and Sport Sciences Testimonials 39: 187 190. doi:ten.1097/JES.0b013e31822673f0. Virtanen KA, Lidell ME, Orava J, Heglind M, Westergren R, et al. Functional Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthful Adults. N Engl J Med 360: 1518 1525. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0808949. Soderlund V, Larsson SA, Jacobsson H Reduction of FDG uptake in brown adipose tissue in clinical patients by a single dose of propranolol. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 34: 10181022. doi:ten.1007/s00259-006-0318-9. 16. 15857111 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 6 FGF21 & Irisin: SNS Control & Physical exercise Impact 26. Pilegaard H, Saltin B, Neufer PD Exercise induces transient transcriptional activation o.
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