**Background** The neurokinin-3 (NK3) receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays a critical role in modulating various physiological and behavioral processes, particularly within the central nervous system. Dysregulation of…
**Background** Neuroinflammation is a critical process involving the activation of microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system. When activated by stimuli such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), microglia release…
**Background** Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, and…
**Background** Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of the essential amino acid L-tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. This metabolic process plays a critical role in…
The integration of chemical oscillation with polymer self-assembly enables a unique form of autonomous functionalization and compartmentalization in synthetic vesicles. In this system, the BrO₃⁻–SO₃²⁻ pH oscillator not only drives…
The evolution of metal-oxo clusters (MOCs) from simple inorganic catalysts to intelligent artificial proteases marks a transformative shift in synthetic biology and catalytic materials science. The ultimate goal is not…
The management of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis (PSC-UC) undergoing colectomy has evolved significantly, driven by advances in understanding disease pathophysiology and long-term outcomes. While ileal pouch-anal…
The photoluminescence (PL) emission of colloidal PbSe/CdSe core/shell quantum dots was systematically studied across interdot distances ranging from 7 to 240 nm, achieved by varying the concentration of the solution.…
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is increasingly recognized as an autoimmune disorder, with mounting evidence implicating both IgE- and IgG-mediated mechanisms in its pathogenesis. While the role of IgE autoantibodies has…
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems due to their high theoretical capacity and low cost. However, their practical application is hindered by…